Exercise induced collapse is what it says on the tin.  Your dog exercises and suddenly makes a stridor noise, collapses, and can die. Some are very heat sensitive and can not be exercised in heat. 
This affects many breeds of dog like Labrador Retriever, Hungarian wire haired Vizsla.  Luckily for us there is a DNA test for Vizsla.  

So far we have had Maverick and Geri tested and both do not carry the genes for EIC. 

There is a link between this health problem and Paralysis of the Larynx because the dog can have both.  As same symptoms.  

It can also get misdiagnosed because of the similarities. 

We are going to gradually do each of our dogs.
​

Dog breeds benefit from obedience training no matter what age they are.  But you need to start this when puppies are around 15 weeks of age.  You can train at home sits, which comes in handy for your first lessons.  But going to training really helps breeds like the Vizsla and Bracco.

If you neglect the training you can end up with dogs that are doing things that annoys you.  But the dog is a dog and will start to create its own entertainment.

Im currently doing Obedience with Kati.   She is a year old nearly and although she's been trained I felt she needed a refresher.  To remind her basic values which is just good manners.  She absolutely loves it and it really wears her out because she has had to use her brain.  So yes I do recommend training. 

Some breeds in the toy group do not really need training but gun dogs have active minds, and active minds need a job.  Which is why we all love this breed.  Activities for these dogs can be simply going for long walks with you.  Or running partners.  But activities these dogs excel in are:

Scent work
Gun dogs
Agility
Search dogs
Pat dogs
Fly Ball
Obedience competitions
Jogging companions
​

I have a page called Older dogs available.   This is not just for my dogs, it's for friends which get dogs returned, or maybe they wish to find a home for an older girl or boy that they do not want to keep.  Some breeders are limited on numbers of dogs they are allowed to own as they maybe in a small property.   We do not charge to help anyone get connected with the dog of their dreams.  This is all done with love for dogs and finding dogs homes.  I have helped several people last year connect them with new owners.  Some of them charged money for the dog and others let go free of charge. This is personal choice of the person with the dog. 

The header is a question I was asked recently because the costs of health testing is now taking more money from a litter than a breeder can make.  So there are two thoughts, are they really neccessary so at least you make money?  But also are the neccessary because not all are proof the dog wont get the health issue.  So let's just have a look at both questions which were raised to me this week. 

Firstly lets look at they are not proof a dog wont get the health issue. 

To a degree this is correct with some health tests.  It has no bearing if your puppy will develop for example Hip dysplasia if the parents have low scores.  It doesn't and Id love to be the one to say its makes all the difference in the world.  But....I have to believe that over time of low scores the chances are that eventually it could do away with HD.   It is a poly genic health issue which means it's not just a gene from mum and a gene from dad which produces it. The experts state its hundreds of genes come together.  Thats dreadfully bad luck to happen.   But the dog also has other outside influences which can determine HD.  Poor whelping box traction.  Feet slipping causing damage to early joints.  Over exercise from owners.  For example you would not run a Bracco Italiano in the countryside for miles. It's a large boned dog and needs protecting. Diet is also key in HD.  So it's not just genetic.

I had a conversation this week with a laboratory over a health problem in Vizsla, and again I was told that its not clear cut one gene from mum and one gene from dad because their are other outside influences which can create this health issue.   So we have to understand that about some of the health problems. 

Eyes - Again so difficult as its visual. I have known peoples dogs get clear Glaucoma for example and then the dog at 8 suddenly has it. The dog has probably had many litters in that time before it reached 8. Too late to retract dogs back into the womb ha ha.  So again some things are difficult and yes they are visual tests and unless Glaucoma has a DNA test then it's just if it develops in the dog.  I do believe some breeds now have a DNA test but just not the Vizsla.

DNA tests for diseases.  Well these are much nicer to deal with because you have clear cut answers. Your dogs a carrier, its clear or its effected.  This gives breeders the marvellous tools to avoid then inherited conditions and your puppy wont go on to be effected.  Unless the breeder bred effected to effected. 

So yes I believe health tests are worth doing.  

The other question was financially is it worth doing? The answer is no it's not. As people are not prepared to pay the price for a puppy which covers all the money for health testing.  So it comes out of any profit which is made which then reduces breeders income. In this day and age it makes it very difficult to survive.  

For the first time ever I can see the end of our breeding days, only because we can not keep making looses or just making ends meet.  The talks are breeders being registered costing even more money and there is no more money left to give to anything else.  When governments get involved then Im sorry but that will be the end of breeding dogs as we know it unless we can charge another £1000 for a puppy.  We have to be realistic because if we want to keep doing health tests we have to charge for it.  In the long run you stand a better chance of having a healthier puppy coming from breeders who health test. 

I always feel sorry for those owners who come to me years later saying, you remember I contacted you for a puppy and I did not have one. I went and got one from someone else because I couldnt wait. I always say sorry but no I cant really remember you.  They then go on to tell me how their dogs cost them thousands at the vets because the dog developed a health problem I had tested for.   So as I always say be patient and choose your breeder wisely. Because the majority of breeders in the UK do not do as many health tests as we do.  This does not mean we will always produce healthy dogs. But it gives us a much better chance of breeding healthier dogs. 

I had one this week funnily enough, their two year old has severe elbow dysplasia and they wished now they had waited for one of ours.  Remember that we always know of quality litters around, so can point you in the right direction if we do not have one now. But I will always advise you wait. 

You need to be aware that their are it appears two kinds of kennel cough going around the UK at the moment.  One in particular is very nasty and its caused life threatening symptoms for those dogs. 
It is wise to avoid where you can at the moment large gatherings of dogs because your dog may be okay but it could spread to dogs which it can kill.  

Sadly there is no vaccine for Kennel cough that works. It may minimise if you're lucky enough to have that strain.  But it's rare to have that strain in the vaccine.
 The vaccines available treat limited strains, and the truth is there are hundreds of strains.  It's not a core vaccine but kennels will request it if your dog has to stay in a kennel.  

Please note that the vaccine given up the nose can transmit to cats and humans, so keep dog out the way for 48 hours or more whilst the vaccine is live up nose.  It gives cats corona virus which can mutate to FIP and the cat can die from pneumonia on the lungs.  I read a science paper on it once. 

Do I think it's worth having? not really. But vets will encourage you to have all the vaccines.   

Those dogs at risk are elderly, immune compromised, young puppies, Brachy breeds ie frenchie, Boston terrier, Lhasa, pug, English bulldog, mastiffs. 

• Snot
• Breathing difficulties
• lethargy 
• cough
• Sneezing
• Sore throats with sores
• not eating. 
  
• 
  If your dog has any symptoms you can speak to your vet straight away.  Home remedies can help if mild symptoms like a cough. But if you have thick snot and breathing issues your dog must go to the vet.  REMEMBER vets are there to help your dogs. 
• Benilyn cough syrup.
• 1tsp Honey in water and 1 tsp brandy and a teaspoon given to the dog. 

It's been cold in the UK and this week I had my first ice injury with D'Jango. Ive not had one before but lots of people get them.  He was Skitting around on the ice and somehow slid and hit his leg and cut quite a nasty deep cut.  

So what can you do?

Ring your vet and make an appointment, but first you need to assess the situation.  

Is their lots of blood? If yes you need to stem the bleeding.  Always have in your first aid kid wadding or some kind, melolin pads.  Put shiny side to the cut and hold to steam bleeding.  If it is squirting like pumping out, omg thats an artery.  Grab phone, stick on loud speaker whilst holding the pad on bleeding.  They will put you through to a nurse who will talk you through what to do. They will ask you to bring dog in asp.   If there is two of you it makes life easier, because one can hold compression on the leg whilst other is driving.  But if there is just one of you then you need to wrap that leg up.  

So first aid box.

Melolin pad
Bandage like vet wrap
Saline solution to wash area. 
Wadding/cotton wool for cleaning. 

If there is no blood and its just a cut you can more casually ring vet as its not an emergency, and then arrange visit to see nurse or vet. 
Small cuts that do not bleed, quite honestly the vet wont do a lot and most likely leave it. But anything big they may have to shave fur off leg, go in and stitch up.  They will assess for you. 

Of course the decision is yours and yours alone if you go to a vet.  But the above scenarios are assessing the situation to make that decision.  Arteries do stop eventually but you can not risk leaving.  Cuts you can leave if very small, but dogs lick the areas.  Licking can open them up wider, so we always advise going to a vet for assessment and they will do whats needed.  

Dog bites vets do not stitch up because of bacteria.  But accident cuts they will do.

Sometimes antibiotics are dispensed.   Some times your dog may need painkillers also.  

If dog has broken its leg then vet will have to set the leg.  You may be told that you have to go through to a referral over vets.  Depending if vets independents or not.  

If dog has obviously broken its leg it will be in pain.  Dogs bite in pain so do not put your face near dog and kiss dog.  Dogs become reactive over pain.  Try if you can get your first aid kit vet wrap and a stick.  Put the stick by leg, and then wrap the vet wrap around.  Holding dogs leg straight.  Do not try to fix break. Ring vet as all your doing is first aid on your dog.  Ring vet asp and get dog to vet.  If you are on your own tell them team to pick dog up out of your car.  They are experienced in handling dogs with injuries.  They may have to muzzle even the friendliest of dog if it's in pain.  Do not get offended at this. 

Depending on the break it can heal In six weeks or if it needs pinning and further ops you could be talking 12 weeks. 

I think the moral of the story is be prepared with a first aid kit.  Phone charged with vets number in contacts. 

Eyes and eye health is something we do not think about until we usually have a problem. But lets look at some of the eye problems that can occur in your dogs life time. 

The first thing I want to say is I am not a veterinarian and if you have any eye health concerns you must seek medical professional advice from. your vet first and foremost.  For diagnosis to care.  The reason is we can not mess around with eyes and leave them.  Blindness soon occurs from accidents. 


Lets begin

Some breeds of dogs like the French bulldog, Pugs, or any dog with shallow eye sockets can get injuries easily to the eyes. One such injury can be sand blowing in the air on beaches which causes then irritation and ulcers.  Ideally in your first aid kit you should always have in your car some eye wash for dogs.  It's advisable also for other dog breeds.  As Vizsla will dig holes and get sand in there eyes.  So take an eye wash with you.  If your dog appears in any discomfort from sand which is redness, rubbing, eye shut, blinking more please ring your vet immediately for treatment.  But the eye wash is a good first aid treatment you can use to help quickly until your vet has seen you. 

Injury from sticks. Now this is something which makes my stomach churn the thought of it, but it can happen.  In your first aid kit you should have some cotton wool for blood, saline solution to clean fur around. Bandage for head.  You need to loosely wrap bandage over eye not touching eye, and have someone hold it in place and get to a vet.  Darkess can help a dog not struggle so much.  Try not to sound worried as your dog will pick up on this. Be calm and careful and go to vet asp. 

Ulcers - These are horrible and with quick treatment vets can save eyes.  Not always but they can.  Referrals are often suggested now as it's more complicated than just eye drops and goodbye.  A vet will take some blood from. your dog, spin it, and take the serum from the blood and put into the dogs eye. This can help repair quickly.  You're in your vets hands, and they will diagnoses some eye drops.
The eye drops they diagnose are the exact same ones we have for our eye health as it's all the same drugs.  So if you are not insured and you need to keep payments down you can buy same products from chemists.  But we advise veterinary treatments. 

HEREDITARY EYE HEALTH

Well dogs sadly have hereditary eye issues.  The breeds I have are effected with them and this is why we have eye testing done so we do not breed from an effected dog.  But also there are DNA tests for the breeds I have for some dogs.   The problem with eye issues is you can go for years with out seeing anything then out the blue something occurs.   As a breeder it is wise to not do the same pairing again if you have produced an eye problem. Either change sire on bitch or vice versa. But some breeds it's almost impossible to avoid entirely as it's everywhere.   But do your best and thats all anyone can ask of you.  


French bulldogs - DNA test for Hereditary Cateracts.  
Miniature Poodle - DNA test for PRA 1 cord. 

Vizsla - Visual eye exam with specialist vet for Glaucoma.  Plus an annual eye exam for other eye problems. 

Bracco - Visual eye exam with specialist vet. 

All dog breeds can have eye issues, even cross breeds.  So make sure you're insured. 

The above info is only current now.  Things change and dna tests become available, so check labs twice a year to see if a new test has become available. 


Let's look at some of the eye problems which can come and go.
JUNIOR ENTROPION
The first being Junior entropion which is seen in the Bracco Italiano. It's where the bottom eye lid with all the skin rolls inwards causing weeping eyes.  This appears to disappear as the dog gets older and the face shape changes.  In the words of vets they would never treat this until the dogs an adult because in most cases it rights itself.  Some would argue the word junior entropion does not exist and its entropion.  But it goes as the dog grows and thats why it's often called age related entropion not adult entropion. 
 The Bracco is so well known for all that skin.  It is also known for the head changing shape dramatically and suddenly the problems disappear. 

ENTROPION
This is again where bottom eye lid rolls inwards.  It can also happen on the top eye lid.  It can cause ulceration on the eye ball, or just irritation.  I saw it once years ago in a Weimaraner where both lids were effected.  I had this operated on and did not breed from this dog.  Now the operation I feel looks horrible once it is done as they look then like blood hounds with drooping eyes but after 4 weeks the eye skin tightens once again and repairs and dog goes back to normal.  A specialist vet or experienced vet only should attempt this operation.  This can be seen commonly in Labradors.  But Bracco Italiano, Vizsla it can occur. 

CHERRY EYE
The third eye lid becomes bright red, inflamed and flips out.  This can be caused by injury to the eye or it can be hereditary.  Most vets will treat with drops first and try to reduce inflammation.  I brought a Weimaraner years ago which had this and again operation to repair.  We knew hers was through injury with a stick.   They cut away the third eye lid but a vet should never remove the tear gland.  It used to be common practice to remove both.  So check with your vet and tell them you do not want this removed.  This is because you then create dry eyes which means drops daily for life. 

ECTROPION
This is where the dogs bottom eye lids sag down.  This is seen in Bracco Italiano. In some cases they tighten as they get older.  But in most cases they do not.  We imported a Bracco with the worst eyes I have ever seen.  Sadly the breeder did not mention this and his eyes never righted. He was not used for breeding. 

DISTICHIASIS
This is where extra hairs grow on the eye lids and rub against the eye ball causing pain and irritation.  A specialist vet can remove hairs with electrolysis but they generally come back again.  This is seen in Weimaraner's mainly.  Although a friend told me their is a Vizsla stud dog in Europe which is effected  and because he is a stud dog and puppies are imported to the UK Im guessing it wont be long before its seen more commonly here.  These dogs should be removed from breeding programs.  It is hereditary and after seeing it in Weimaraner's I would not wish anyone to have this in the Vizsla.  

PRA 1 CORD
Day vision degeneration occurs in dogs with this condition until eventually blindness.  This is hereditary in most breeds of dogs.  I have never seen it in a dog of ours yet or one we have bred. 
There are now DNA tests for this in several breeds of dog.  The annual eye exam checks for this also so if their is not a DNA test for your breed the BVA vets will find it on the exams. 

JUNIOR CATERACTS
This can be caused by accidents.  There are also links to Leptospirosis and cataracts in horses. Unfortunately it can occur in most breeds of dogs.  The annual eye exam will pick this up if your dogs effected.   The dog needs life long specialist treatment.  I have little information on this as Ive not seen it in my own dogs. 


PET INSURANCE
This is the one big thing you need to do with your puppy before you have even collected it.  Make sure you have pet insurance from day 1.  Do not be fooled with free insurances, as these will effect any claim in the future.  Most insurance companies pay breeders to give free insurances, because they know puppies can have all of the above eye conditions and if something is picked up early they can exclude that from lifetime cover and then your stuffed.  So set up insurance. Make sure breeder has done a health test on the puppy before collection so you know its healthy.. 
Have insurance set up so any accident that comes along your puppy is covered.  
What amount should you be covered for?  You want the highest you can afford.  If you can do £15K or £20k do it.  The lowest cover I would go for is £10k. 

Start off knowing you have everything covered for your pet.  If you can not afford insurance then seriously walk away from owning a dog, any dog. Cross breed or pedigree dogs cost a lot of money now.  It is even putting most families off having a dog because they can not afford basic veterinary bills.  If they get serious health issues there is no way they can afford the dog. 

I hope all the above helps.  Remember its not common the eye problems, they pop up and I hear friends telling me that this dogs got this or that.  But its not common and its usually dam bad luck its happened.  But be prepared and ready. 

Fleas generally do not like healthy hosts to live on so avoid those animals fed with good foods which gives a healthy immune system.  But there will always be that one dog which gets fleas. 


Fleas are more common in the warmer months of the year, but you can see them winter times.  Especially if your dog lives in the house with you and its warm. 

There are lots of natural remedies you can feed your dog to avoid parasites and also put on the skin.  There are natural oil collars which can help ward off fleas from. your dog. 
Waggle antics sell oil drops to spray on fur before you go out and also oils to spray in fur. 
Shampoo's like Ridasect from Groomers will remove dead fleas from the fur and leaves citronella small on the skin which can be enough for fleas to vacate the building. 

Pet shops sell flea products you can try if you are desperate.  insecticidal shampoo, spray.  Spot ons and flea collars.

But if you have a flea infestation you probably need to talk to your veterinary surgeon who can offer stronger treatments.   Vets do have products I would not use at all as I have seen online the problems caused by them.  But I appreciate we have to do what we have to do!  Just do not do it monthly guys because it can cause serious health problems.  I think the wisest approach is treat when you see a flea.  Because your pet could go years between needing flea treatments. 

I lean towards treating as naturally as possible and if all else fails then yes youll have to treat with something stronger. 

It's a bit like human toddlers, the tantrums from being over tired effects puppies.  Puppies should have lots of sleep during the day time.   But some breeds of dogs like the Vizsla and Bracco may struggle sleeping as much as they should do.  So their play becomes harder and this develops into lunging, mouthing, biting and zooming.  It's like having a naughty toddler. 

With this in mind we must make our puppies rest.  For their own sake.  Resting helps stop this behaviour. If they wont rest and are vocal, give them something positive in their crate to do.  Because if they are biting chews they will most likely fall asleep afterwards. 

It is exceptionally common for Bracco and Vizsla owners to feel out of dept in the first month because their puppy is showing OTT behaviours.  But it passes and when you start walking your puppy out, training your puppy. Then giving it proper bed times this behaviour goes away. 

​R x

Every mammal that exists dies. Including humans. We all die, and nothing lives for ever.  But during our lifetime wouldn't it be lovely to say we all lived happy and healthy up to the day we drop down dead.  But life is not like this. For sensible people they understand that we cannot all live healthy until we die. For many of my family died from cancers and heart disease. 

The truth is all dogs die in the end from cancer and heart disease.   Cancers come in many forms. It can be tumours or it can be embedded into tissue with in organs.  None can eradicate cancers in dogs. We would have done it in humans first.  Great steps in human health and killing cancers but in dogs it's not that advanced yet.  Vets cannot give dogs the adequate dosage to kill cancers with out it effecting human health because these meds pass on. 

Some of us get deteriorating diseases which cause gradual death.  But if it's a dog people get up in arms about it. But do you see doctors and nurses telling families they should not breed?

Humans have very little genetic testing before having children.  I had a blood test once I was pregnant for downs syndrome.  I always thought what would I of done if it come back positive.  I am certain I would never have terminated the pregnancy.   

In dogs we are expected to foresee the future and it's not possible unless we have something called a DNA marker.  But the sad truth is there is very very little DNA markers for diseases in dogs.

Dogs have all the same health problems humans have.  If your dog gets something wrong with it look up human health as you will find it,  Dogs do not get different things wrong with them. The only thing thats advanced is vets being able to diagnoses health issues. 

When health tests become available for a breed we are dedicated to do them.  For you and us. We promise to do all we can with in reason.  But where do we stop ? This is where we have to balance what testing we do because if we started to do every single test available and when new come out do them too, the price of your puppy is going to be multiplied with a few more thousand pounds to pay for it.  The question is will someone want to pay several thousand more for puppies.  At what point do we stop testing.  Today ive applied for another test of four which costs £150 but again that comes out of my pocket because the price of the puppy will not allow for this test.  I ask myself will people be grateful to know ive done this new test.  Or If I asked for another £200 for each puppy so I could do several dogs would people like that or not.  Or would they prefer I did not do it. Hmm.!! Its difficult isn't. it. 

One day I went to a vets and asked to speak to the head vet.  I told them about a health problem in Hungarian Vizsla.  At the time the clubs were talking about this problem and they were all pointing fingers at each other for producing it.  The vets said they had never had a case of it in the doors.  But when I listened to people in the breed you would think they were all dying from it.  The vet said she promised if anyone had a Vizsla and it got diagnosed in their surgery that she would pass on the contact details for the health co ordinator so they could gather DNA for future research.  But she said to me, the health problem I was talking about they had seen but in three other breeds.  I said at the time I thought it was only related to Vizsla.  Oh no she said and if you look up youll see humans also get something very similar. This made me think.  She then said but if you stopped every dog in every gene pool having this health issue you do realise another would take its place. Now this was ten years ago and in that time I have began to realise how right the vet was.  Because if you take one thing away you get something else.  I spoke to a specialist vet who said the problem was really so small in the breed that they did not understand why certain ladies were blowing it up making it seem that every litter is effected.  I did not have an answer, except people care and want the dogs to live for ever.  I got told thats never going to happen.  I guess if dogs lived for ever vets would be out of a job.?

When you look at a pedigree where does the buck stop. The parents, grand parents, great grandparents or up to the day the breed was created.  Because things that carry on genes will be there from the start.  

So breeding dogs is a right pickle.  Trying to work out what to do.  So we do health tests and as many as we can possibly do with keeping the prices of our puppies in reason. Because we know people can not afford bigger prices.   In fact we now do more health tests than anyone else I know because we want to try and produce healthier and healthier.  But we will always say we can not eradicate everything.   I would say out of all the dog breeders our puppies are actually healthier than many other peoples. But Im logical and tell myself every day there will be a day when something new presents itself. Because thats life. 

I hope this makes sense to you.  

The Kennel club set out health tests which they believe are what all Vizsla breeders should do.  But it's not compulsory. 
For Vizsla it is Hip scoring, Elbow scoring, Glaucoma testing and the yearly eye test.  That is it. But we do DNA tests also, trying to do our utmost for the breed.  Then we look at adverts online advertising puppies and parents do not even have basic health tests done.  These people sell their dogs easily as they are so much cheaper.  So it is a balance on what you want to pay for the health tests done on the parents.  It makes sense to go to breeders like ourselves who do more than basic health testing.

For Bracco it's hip and elbow scoring and eye testing.  In Bracco's there is a problem with kidney disease and this is something I doubt will be one hundred percent be got rid of.  A dna marker is needed. But they are a long way off.  The test for it is one that only tells you if the dog has it.  So you can do the urine test and blood test and your dogs clear. Then years later it has it.  So the health test is only as good as the day you do it. 

Now with that being said, there are hundreds of diseases which we simply have no dna markers for.  So what happens when something is hereditary. But with no dna marker  ?  

There are two options. 1: Do not breed. 2: Use a different dog on bitch.  You do not do the same pairing again. 


What happens if a dog is effected by a disease and showing signs of being effected?
Do not breed the dog. 

Because the chances are all the offspring will be affected.  But I know someone mentioning no names at all who bred two affected dogs.  Both dogs showing signs of the health problem. The one dog fitted daily. The other not very often but both had Epilepsy.  Both were cross breeds. The one was a poodle cross.I said to her that I would not of bred either of them because they are clearly affected. But if you looked at the dogs you would have said they were the cutest dogs in the world. But that was no reason to breed two affected dogs.  

Effected is different to carrying something.  Because if a dog carries something and put to a dog which does not carry it, you wont see that health problem.  This is where avoidance comes in. 


No good breeder sets out to breed health problems.  They will do the DNA tests if available. They will do the X-rays to check for dysplasia. They will do the eye tests.   

You are better going to someone who tries to do the best to their ability, than someone who does not.

I remember a few years ago a case of a dog we bred.  We bred a Pug which went off and at the age of 2 the owner got in touch with me to say.  Their beloved dog had died from PDE. I said how sorry I was, and then suddenly thought, hang on it cant be PDE as both parents were dna tested and it cant be that.  So I said to her it cant be PDE.  So she went back to her vets who said yes it was.  So she got back to me and I sent over the DNA results and she took the reports into her vets.  They tossed them aside and said oh we only thought it was that.  Yet they had told this woman to ring me to to complain.  They then dismissed it as their diagnosis was absolutely wrong.!  When I spoke to the woman she had given a very strong veterinary flea treatment hours before the dog died. I said could it be that product?  In the very end of going back and forth they had to finally admit it probably was.  Now if I had not of stood my ground we would have all accepted the diagnosis.  So whats the moral of this story.  Vets can be wrong!  Why? They are humans following symptoms on a sheet.  Not all things are tested properly. 


I hope this sheds light on why health tests are important, but also why breeders do tests with in limits because the costs are very high.  But our promise to you is to do as much as we possibly can do with keeping the price of your puppy reasonable.